The Professor's House
by Willa Cather
List Price: $13.00
Pages: 240
Format: Paperback
ISBN: 0679731806
Publisher: Vintage
The Professor's House was published in 1925, only seven years after
My Ántonia, but it is set in
an America that is at least a half-century removed from its frontier past,
an America that sells off its heritage while buying up the relics of European
antiquity. Its protagonist, Godfrey St. Peter, might be an older version
of Jim Burden. He is a man who grew up on the prairie, entered academia
and in his fifties has attained professional success and what at first
seems to be domestic happiness. But over the year in which the novel's
events transpire--the year that follows his family's move to a new house
and ends with his near-death in the old one he has refused to abandon--it
becomes clear that St. Peter's success is hollow, his relations with his
wife and children passionless and embittered. What meaning remains in
the professor's life lies in the past, in his relationship with a gifted
pupil who died young and whose discoveries have made St. Peter's family
wealthy--but at an awful cost. "If Outland were here tonight," St. Peter
thinks, "he might say with Mark Antony, My fortunes have corrupted
honest men." [131]
If the tone of My
Ántonia is that of the romantic pastoral, The Professor's
House is a bleaker--and at times even a savage--book. In place of
Jim Burden's rhapsodic concluding vision, we are left with St. Peter's
realization that "He had never learned to live without delight. And he
would have to learn to, just as, in a Prohibition country, he supposed
he would have to learn to live without sherry. Theoretically he knew that
life is possible, may be even pleasant, without joy, without passionate
griefs. But it had never occurred to him that he might have to live like
that." [257]
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1. This novel is named, not after its protagonist, but after his house. It is a house in which no
one lives, that has been "dismantled" [3], and that, even when inhabited,
was "almost as ugly as it is possible for a house to be." Why, then,
is it so important to Professor St. Peter--and, indeed, appear to become
more so in the course of the novel? How does Cather establish the house's
character and use it to indicate the character of her protagonist? Compare
her description of St. Peter's old house to her treatment of the family's
new residence and other houses, like Louie Marsellus's "Outland" and
the abandoned cliff-dwellings on the Blue Mesa.
2. Although St. Peter has pursued a life of the mind, Cather describes him in highly sensual terms: "for
looks, the fewer clothes he had on, the better." [4] He luxuriates in
the ornamental shrubs and flowers of his French garden, and in swimming.
His keenest memories--of his youthful voyage along the coast of Spain
and the dahlias he bought as a student in Paris--vibrate with sensuous
detail. Why does such a sensual--and in some ways even hedonistic--man
seem to disapprove of his family's pursuit of worldly pleasures and
possessions? In what ways does St. Peter's hedonism--if such it is--differ
from theirs?
3. Although the St. Peters initially seem happy, the reader gradually realizes that the family
is torn by jealousy and resentment, and that its patriarch has effectively
withdrawn from its affairs. At what points do these characters become
aware of their emotional disconnection? Why are they unable--or unwilling--to
overcome it?
4. One reason for the divisions in the St. Peter family is Tom Outland, who was Godfrey's pupil, his
daughter's fiancˇ, and, ultimately, her benefactor. In what ways has
Outland fragmented the family, both while alive and after his death,
and why did the family let him do so? Why do nearly all the members
of the household stake some kind of claim on him, as evidenced by Kathleen's
remark to her father: "Our Tom is much nicer than theirs"? [113]
5. Why does St. Peter remain so strongly attached to Tom Outland almost a decade after the young
man's death? Cather equates the boy with the Professor's discarded younger
self: "He was a primitive. He was only interested in earth and woods
and water. Wherever sun sunned and rain rained and snow snowed...places
were alike to him. He was not nearly so cultivated as Tom's old cliff-dwellers
must have been--and yet he was terribly wise." [241] What other reasons
might there be for the Professor's devotion? To what kind of wisdom
is Cather referring in the preceding passage? How did St. Peter lose
it as he grew older and what did he acquire in its place? In what ways
does Tom Outland's story recapitulate the older man's?
6. Alongside the spartan Outland, who refused to contaminate his friendships with any element of self-interest,
Cather gives the professor a son-in-law, Louie Marsellus, who is unabashedly
materialistic. In marrying Tom's one-time fiancˇe, Louie has also become
the main beneficiary of his discoveries. But wealth alone may be insufficient:
Louie seems intent on replacing Tom in the professor's affections, just
as he jokes about having Tom's talismanic blanket made into a dressing-gown.
Does Cather want the reader to dislike Louie, as his brother-in-law
Scott McGregor does? In what way does Louie conform to period stereotypes
of the social-climbing, luxury-loving nouveau riche? Why does
the professor feel affection for him, even though Louie's values seem
diametrically opposed to his?
7. Is St. Peter subconsciously attempting suicide when he falls asleep without turning off the gas
stove in his old study? What significance do you find in the fact that
he is saved by a woman? How clearly does Cather allow us to know the
motives of any of her characters?
8. The Professor's House is a novel of oppositions--youth vs. age, instinct vs. contemplation,
solitude vs. domesticity. Yet we should be careful not to read those
oppositions too simplistically. Although St. Peter mourns the way he
has sacrificed his truest self to the demands of society and family,
Tom Outland is equally haunted by the way he betrayed his friendship
with Roddy Blake, who had committed the crime of selling Indian relics
to a German buyer: "Anyone who requites faith and friendship as I did,
will have to pay for it." [229] Does Tom suffer from his inhuman idealism
just as the professor suffers from his unthinking compromises? In what
other ways does Cather introduce ambiguity into this novel's moral scheme?
Does she suggest any way in which her opposing values might be reconciled?
9. Where does Cather draw analogies between St. Peter's betrayal of his ideals and events in the larger
world? In what ways does the novel's milieu function as a macrocosm
of its protagonist's psyche?
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